Identification of shared genes and immune pathways in COVID-19 and alopecia areata using bioinformatics analysis

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the shared molecular pathways and immune mechanisms between COVID-19 and alopecia areata (AA) using bioinformatics analysis. Transcriptomic datasets from COVID-19 (GSE171110) and AA (GSE45512) were analyzed to identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Through comparative analysis, 71 overlapping DEGs were identified, with five core hub genes (HLA-DRA, GZMA, FCER1G, CD2, and CD8A) emerging as potential biomarkers. Functional enrichment analysis revealed significant involvement in immune response, antigen presentation, and T-cell activation. Immune cell infiltration analysis highlighted distinct dysregulation patterns, including macrophage and T-cell alterations in AA and COVID-19, respectively. ROC curve analysis demonstrated strong diagnostic potential for the identified hub genes. These findings suggest shared immune dysregulation pathways between COVID-19 and AA, providing insights into their co-pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. However, further experimental validation is required to confirm these computational predictions.