Current Science

Global Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Epirubicin-Associated Cardiotoxicity: Real-World Insights from FAERS and EudraVigilance Databases (2004–2025)

Seng An Hong — 2026-04-03

Background: Epirubicin is a cornerstone of chemotherapy, yet its dose-limiting cardiotoxicity remains a significant clinical challenge. This study aimed to characterize the real-world cardiac safety profile of epirubicin using global pharmacovigilance databases.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (2004–2025) and validated findings using the EudraVigilance (EV) database (2003–2025). Disproportionality was assessed using ROR, PRR, IC, and EBGM algorithms. Time-to-onset (TTO) and clinical outcomes were systematically evaluated.

Results:Analysis of the FAERS and EudraVigilance databases (2004–2025) revealed a rising trend in epirubicin-associated cardiotoxicity, peaking in recent years with a marked female predominance (up to 87.56%) and high clinical severity (99.22% serious). Signal mining confirmed robust associations with heart failure (ROR=6.60) and dilated cardiomyopathy (ROR=34.97), with the highest intensities observed for heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction (ROR=406.37). Median time-to-onset was 36 days, though males experienced significantly faster onset than females (22 vs. 49 days). Age-stratified analysis identified specific vulnerabilities, notably dilated cardiomyopathy in pediatric patients and left ventricular dilatation in the elderly. External validation across both databases identifies epirubicin as a sustained, independent risk factor for diverse and severe cardiac adverse events.

Conclusion: Epirubicin-associated cardiotoxicity is characterized by early-onset, high-severity events with distinct sex and age-specific risk profiles. Intensive cardiac monitoring, particularly within the first 40 days of treatment, is critical for high-risk cohorts.

Effects of Water-Fertilizer-Heat Coupling on Yield and Resource Utilization Efficiency of Cotton under Drip Irrigation

Sanmin Sun — 2026-04-07

Seed cotton yield is a critical factor influencing the international competitiveness of cotton. To enhance water and fertilizer use efficiency and promote sustainable cotton production, a two-year field experiment was conducted during 2024–2025 to explore the effects of plastic film mulch layers, irrigation levels, and fertilizer levels on seed cotton yield, economic benefits, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and nutrient partial factor productivity in the Alar region of southern Xinjiang, China. An L₉(3⁴) orthogonal design comprised of nine treatments was employed. Three water levels (W1: 3080 m³·ha^-1, W2: 3850 m³·ha^-1, W3: 4620 m³·ha^-1), three fertilizer levels (F1: 330-135-147 kg·ha^-1 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O), F2: 412.5-168.75-183.75 kg·ha^-1 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O), F3: 495-202.5-220.5 kg·ha^-1 (N-P₂O₅-K₂O)) and three heat levels (H1: one layer of plastic film, H2: two layers of plastic film, H3: three layers of plastic film)were set. The results showed that water levels, fertilizer levels and heat levels all significantly influenced seed cotton yield, IWUE, and nutrient partial factor productivity. Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) was adopted for the comprehensive evaluation of seed cotton yield, IWUE, nutrient partial factor productivity, and economic rate of return. The highest seed cotton yield, IWUE, nutrient partial factor productivity, and economic rate of return were achieved in treatment W2F1H2 (T2). These results provide a practical and valuable reference for sustainable cotton production in the Alar region of southern Xinjiang and other regions with analogous agro-ecological conditions in improving both seed cotton yield and water and fertilizer use efficiency.

Water-Saving Evaluation of Jingmai Series Hybrid Wheat Varieties in China

Hongyao Lou — 2026-04-12

Wheat hybrids are recognized for their superior stress tolerance and stable yields, particularly excelling over conventional varieties under water stress conditions. This study evaluated two Jingmai series winter wheat hybrids across various ecological regions, employing three spring restricted irrigation regimes. The analysis focused on their population structure, leaf quality, and yield components in comparison to conventional wheat. Results indicated that the hybrids exhibited exceptional drought resistance and significantly higher yields under no spring irrigation (W0), with an average water-saving index of 1.514, demonstrating excellent water conservation capabilities. Yield variations were pronounced between single jointing irrigation (W1) and normal jointing plus flowering irrigation (W2). Under W0, hybrid wheat produced 13.9% and 15.8% more stems at the raising and jointing stages, respectively, and displayed significantly higher tiller ear-bearing rate across all three irrigation treatments. These findings confirm the hybrids’ remarkable water-saving and drought-resistant characteristics; a high tiller ear-bearing rate is essential for water conservation and high yield, with ear number serving as a critical factor for achieving stable high yields. Implementing moderate irrigation to enhance tillering and heading can establish an optimal population, effectively balancing water conservation and high-yield production in hybrid wheat.

Impact of Delivery Mode on Childhood Asthma and ADAM33 Methylation: A Birth Cohort Study

Jinjing Ying — 2026-04-06

Cesarean section (CS) rates and childhood asthma are rising, but the link is unclear. In this nested cohort (N=240), elective CS was associated with neonatal ADAM33 hypomethylation (median 20% vs. 100% in emergency CS, p<0.001). While methylation normalized by preschool age, lower levels correlated with higher asthma risk. These findings reveal a novel epigenetic mechanism linking delivery mode to respiratory health, suggesting early-life programming of asthma susceptibility.

Nephrotoxic Spectrum and Temporal Trends of Cisplatin: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Study Based on FAERS and EudraVigilance Databases (2004–2025)

Nita Nouth — 2026-04-03

Background: Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity remains a critical dose-limiting adverse event (AE). This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the real-world nephrotoxic landscape and temporal trends of cisplatin using large-scale pharmacovigilance databases.

Methods: Adverse event reports were retrieved from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and EudraVigilance (EV) databases (2004–2025). Disproportionality analyses were performed using four algorithms: ROR, PRR, IC, and EBGM. Time-to-onset (TTO) and demographic-stratified analyses were conducted to characterize clinical profiles.

Results: A total of 2,437 reports from FAERS and 3,561 from EV were identified. In FAERS, cisplatin-associated nephrotoxicity peaked in 2019, with a male predominance (56.79%) and high clinical severity (98.24% serious cases). The median TTO was 10.00 days (IQR: 5.00–29.00), with females exhibiting a significantly shorter latency period than males (9.5 vs. 11.0 days, P = 0.0289). Disproportionality analysis revealed robust signals for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI, ROR=5.05) and exceptionally high signal intensities for Renal Salt-Wasting Syndrome (RSWS, ROR=481.57) and urinary tract structural damage (e.g., bladder necrosis). Subgroup analysis identified age-specific vulnerabilities: the geriatric cohort showed a markedly elevated risk of RSWS (ROR = 737.90) and obstructive complications, such as hydronephrosis. These findings were consistently validated in the EV database, where the RSWS signal remained robust (ROR = 208.08) even after the sensitivity analysis excluding concomitant medications.

Conclusions: This study provides multi-database evidence of the multifaceted nephrotoxic footprint of cisplatin. Beyond classic AKI, clinicians should prioritize monitoring for rapid-onset electrolyte disturbances (RSWS) and obstructive uropathy in elderly populations.

Integrated LEC Risk Assessment and Reliability Enhancement for Downhole Tools in Ultra-High Temperature and High-Pressure Offshore Environments

Shenyu Liu — 2026-03-20

The reliability of downhole tool systems is critical to ensuring the safety and efficiency of offshore oil and gas operations. However, the marine testing phase of these systems involves significant risks, which, if mismanaged, may result in severe accidents. This study employs Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) to establish a systematic risk evaluation framework aimed at comprehensively identifying, assessing, and prioritizing potential failure modes during the sea trials of ultra-high-temperature and high-pressure downhole tools. By integrating multi-source data—including historical failure databases, expert knowledge, and quantitative assessment models—a data-driven risk analysis system was developed. The research outcomes accurately pinpoint high-risk failure modes and their cascading effects, while proposing targeted risk mitigation measures encompassing both technical enhancements and management optimizations. The methodologies and practical strategies presented in this study provide a scientific foundation for improving the safety and reliability of downhole tool testing in offshore environments. These contributions hold substantial theoretical and practical implications for reducing operational risks, preventing environmental incidents, and advancing the sustainable development of marine oil and gas resources.

A Study on the Relationship between Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) Growth and Climate Change using Dendrochronology in Mae Ka Sub-district, Mueang District, Phayao Province.

Sitthisak Pinmongkhonkul — 2026-04-03

The relationship research between the growth of Teak trees and climate change (temperature and rainfall) using dendrochronological methods in Mae Ka Subdistrict, Mueang District, Phayao Province. The study was conducted in two areas: the teak experimental plot in front of the University of Phayao and the plot in the Ban Mo Kaeng Thong community, by placing a plot of 50x20 meters, and collecting the wood core samples for annual rings using dendrochronological methods. The annual ring width was measured, and analyzed the correlation between tree growth and information related to climate data (temperature and rainfall) over the past 39 years from Phayao Meteorological Station. The results revealed that the growth rates of Teak in both study areas were unstable. During 1-2 years of the growth, significantly high during the first 1–2 years, followed by fluctuating patterns of increase and decrease in subsequent years. Furthermore, the study shows that temperature had no significant correlation with tree-ring growth in both locations. On the other hand, rainfall was revealed to have a significant relationship with tree-ring growth in both locations.

Molecular Mechanisms of TGF-β1 Regulating Mesenchymal Stem Cell Function and angiogenesis through Upregulation of SDC4

Dezhen Liu — 2026-03-26

Diabetes mellitus is characterized as a chronic metabolic disorder marked by persistent hyperglycemia. This sustained elevation in blood glucose compromises angiogenesis and contributes to endothelial dysfunction.This study investigates the molecular mechanisms by which transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) regulates syndecan-4 (SDC4) to modulate Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) function and promote vascular endothelial angiogenesis in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Serum analysis of T2D patients revealed a significant positive correlation between TGF-β1 and SDC4 levels, suggesting a potential regulatory relationship. The results demonstrate that TGF-β1 upregulates SDC4 expression in MSCs through Smad3 activation, which enhances MSC viability and migration. SDC4-mediated suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway led to the observed reduction in β-catenin protein levels. On one hand, SDC4 mitigates vascular endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress by inhibiting the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and VCAM-1. On the other hand, it is notable that SDC4 modulation can partially counteract the TGF-β1-induced downregulation of key angiogenic factors like VEGF, bFGF, and HGF. This study indicates that SDC4, as a key regulatory molecule in the vascular endothelial self-protection mechanism, can respond to VEGFA signals and interact with vascular endothelial cadherins, thereby promoting angiogenesis. This study demonstrates TGF-β1-induced SDC4 expression in MSCs as a novel therapeutic avenue for managing diabetic vascular complications.

LogDWG: Dynamic Window Graph-based Log Anomaly Detection with Dual-Modal Graph Convolution

Bo Zhang — 2026-03-26

Log anomaly detection is crucial for enhancing the reliability and security of computer systems. Existing methods for mining temporal and relational patterns in logs often exhibit deficiencies. To address these issues, this paper proposes LogDWG, a novel log anomaly detection method based on Dynamic Window Graphs. LogDWG employs a dynamic window segmentation algorithm to adaptively adjust log grouping sizes. It integrates the BERT model to generate semantic embeddings of logs and constructs directed heterogeneous graphs to capture both temporal and relational features between log events. Experimental results demonstrate that LogDWG significantly outperforms traditional methods, such as PCA and SVM, as well as existing deep learning models, such as DeepLog and GLAM. On multiple public datasets, including BGL and HDFS, LogDWG achieves improvements in F1-score of up to 3.6%, validating its effectiveness and accuracy in anomaly detection. The key innovations of this work include the dynamic window grouping strategy, the fusion of log semantics with temporal features, and the design of a dual-modal graph convolutional network.

Research on the Climatic Adaptability of Low-Temperature Radiant Heating Under Different Building Energy-Saving Scenarios

Liu Zongjiang — 2026-03-14

The utilisation of low-temperature heating systems has been demonstrated to enhance heat source efficiency and reduce energy consumption, thereby playing a crucial role in the conservation of building energy and the reduction of associated emissions. The present study investigates the application effects of radiator-based low-temperature heating technology across a range of building energy efficiency levels and climatic conditions. The objective of the study is to promote the adoption of low-temperature heat sources in heating systems and to support sustainable building practices. The TRNSYS simulation platform was utilised to develop building models representative of typical climate zones. The feasibility of radiator-based low-temperature heating was evaluated from the perspectives of thermal comfort (PMV index) and temperature stability, utilising scenario analysis methods. This evaluation encompassed various combinations of building envelope performance and radiator supply water temperatures. The findings indicate that enhancing the thermal performance of building envelopes can mitigate the impact of reduced heat dissipation during low-temperature water supply, thereby facilitating low-temperature heating (with water temperatures as low as 40°C) to meet thermal comfort requirements in energy-efficient buildings. In high-performance buildings, high-convection ratio radiators have been shown to maintain minimal temperature fluctuations. The findings of this research provide a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for the optimisation of heating systems in retrofitted buildings, the adaptation of low-temperature heat sources, and the selection of appropriate radiators. This research offers broad engineering application prospects.

Research on the Emission Reduction Benefits of Clean Heating Projects in a City in Northwestern China Based on Carbon Emission Index Accounting

Zongjiang Liu — 2026-03-14

Clean heating is a crucial technological pathway for improving air quality and achieving China’s “dual carbon” goals. To quantify the carbon reduction benefits of clean heating, this study develops a comparative carbon emission analysis model based on distinct baseline scenarios: urban centralized heating and rural decentralized coal heating. An innovation has established the “unit area carbon reduction” indicator, which enables the direct calculation of emission reductions from a given implementation area, offering a practical assessment tool for regions with similar climatic and building characteristics. In a case study of a city in Northwest China, the model was applied to clean heating projects, revealing significant annual CO₂ reductions of 810,300 tons for urban areas and 584,000 tons for rural areas. These findings provide a systematic and quantitative scientific basis for the performance evaluation of clean heating projects, thereby offering support for the achievement of the “dual carbon” goals.

A Numerical Study of the Impact of Solar Radiation on the Temperature and Airflow Fields in Hospital Wards

Leilei Wang — 2026-03-16

Post the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare has become a key public concern, and medical environment quality requirements have grown stricter. New hospital wards often adopt a large window-to-wall ratio for natural lighting, but this may cause uneven temperature and draft discomfort in hot-summer and cold-winter regions’ air-conditioned wards. This study takes a standard double-bed ward as the object, establishing a physical model via GAMBIT and conducting FLUENT simulations with the S2S radiation model and Realizable k-ε model. It analyzes temperature and airflow fields under Summer/Winter Solstice solar radiation and compares them with non-radiation conditions. Results show the human core activity zone (0.7m-1.9m) is weakly affected by solar radiation: summer cooling brings 293.0K-293.8K and 0.04-0.12m/s, winter heating 288.0K-289.0K and 0.02-0.06m/s, all meeting GB/T 50736-2012. However, the upper zone (>2m) suffers significant airflow acceleration and temperature fluctuations due to thermal buoyancy, reducing air conditioning efficiency. This study provides scientific references for ward air conditioning optimization and bed layout.

Eclamptic Seizure in a Woman with Severe Preeclampsia. A Case Report

zijian Guan — 2026-04-12

Introduction: Eclampsia is a life-threatening complication of severe preeclampsia. This report describes a case of intrapartum eclampsia in a patient with severe preeclampsia, detailing the critical clinical course and multidisciplinary management.

Patient concerns: A 43-year-old woman at 38 weeks of gestation was admitted with severe preeclampsia, presenting with severe hypertension (208/120 mmHg), proteinuria (+++), headache, and blurred vision. Shortly after admission, she developed a generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

Diagnosis: Eclampsia complicating severe preeclampsia.

Interventions: Immediate management included securing the airway, administering magnesium sulfate, labetalol, and nicardipine. An emergency cesarean section was performed under general anesthesia utilizing rapid sequence induction. Postoperative care in the ICU involved continued magnesium sulfate infusion, blood pressure control, and close monitoring.

Outcomes: A male infant was delivered with Apgar scores of 7-8. The maternal condition stabilized, and she was successfully discharged. Head CT suggested posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES).

Clinical significance: Ensuring maternal and neonatal safety in eclampsia necessitates rapid recognition, immediate intervention, and optimized anesthetic management, with an emphasis on considering point-of-care gastric ultrasound in emergencies. It underscores the indispensable role of multidisciplinary team collaboration.

Keywords: Eclampsia; Severe preeclampsia; Case report; Anesthesia management; Multidisciplinary team; PRES; Cesarean section

Research Progress on the Regulation of Tumor EMT by Dynamic Histone Methylation Modifications

Zhengzhou Luo — 2026-04-12

Dynamic histone methylation modifications play a crucial role in regulating gene expression and various biological processes, particularly in tumor initiation and progression. These modifications are primarily achieved through the action of histone methyltransferases and demethylases. A key process in cancer development and progression is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the regulatory role of dynamic histone methylation modifications in tumor EMT has not yet been fully elucidated. This review elaborates on the role of dynamic histone methylation and demethylation modifications in tumor EMT. Additionally, it summarizes the involvement of related modifying enzymes in cancer therapy.

Research on Short-Term Photovoltaic Power Generation Forecasting Based on GA-BiLSTM-Attention

Jinwei Ding — 2026-04-06

Photovoltaic (PV) power generation exhibits randomness and volatility, making high-accuracy day-ahead forecasting crucial for grid stability. This paper proposes a hybrid model, GA-BiLSTM-Attention, combining multi-scale Gaussian filtering decomposition with genetic algorithm optimisation to address issues such as prediction delay and model generalisation. Core features, irradiance and backplate temperature, are selected based on the Spearman correlation coefficient. Multi-scale Gaussian filtering decomposes historical power data into four intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), with delay decomposition to prevent data leakage. A BiLSTM-Attention architecture captures both forward and backward temporal dependencies, while attention focuses on key features. The genetic algorithm optimises hyperparameters like hidden layer dimensions, learning rate, and dropout rate. Validation using data from a 9.2 kWp PV platform in Xichang City shows that the proposed model achieves RMSE, MAE, and MAPE of 0.287 kW, 0.217 kW, and 13.81%, respectively, outperforming baseline LSTM and other comparative models. This model provides a high-accuracy, low-complexity solution for day-ahead PV power forecasting.

A Hybrid CNN-RNN-MRAC Deep Learning Framework for Adaptive Control of Intelligent Oxygen Generation Systems

Anxian Shao — 2026-04-12

This paper presents a hybrid intelligent control framework for oxygen generation systems that integrates a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC). The CNN extracts spatial correlations from multi-sensor inputs, the RNN, implemented with LSTM or GRU units, captures temporal dynamics in flow rate, pressure, and environmental variables, and the MRAC module enables real-time parameter adaptation under time-varying operating conditions. The proposed architecture is implemented and validated on a commercial molecular-sieve oxygen concentrator based on Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology. Experimental results show clear improvements over conventional PID controllers and single-branch deep-learning approaches: oxygen flow control accuracy within ±1.3%, oxygen concentration control accuracy within ±1.5%, and an average pressure fluctuation rate of 9.75%. These results indicate that the system can provide efficient and adaptive oxygen therapy, which is important for medical, aerospace, and home-care applications.

Design Development and Performance Verification of Passive Ventilation Device

Jing Liu — 2026-03-20

To reduce reliance on safety-grade emergency AC power, the safety-grade ventilation system functions are implemented through passive technologies. For fuel buildings with relatively low sealing performance, a passive exhaust system for the fuel operation hall was designed. A set of emergency passive ventilation devices suitable for high spaces in nuclear power plants was developed. The experimental test, seismic analysis and wind load resistance analysis were carried out. The test results show that when the outdoor wind speed is 1 m/s, the ventilation volume of the passive ventilation device is 485 m³/h; when the indoor thermal pressure is 5 Pa, the ventilation volume is 3080 m³/h; when the indoor thermal pressure is 5 Pa and the outdoor wind speed is 1 m/s, the ventilation volume is 3130 m³/h. It can be seen that the ventilation volume increases slowly with the increase of outdoor wind pressure and significantly with the increase of indoor thermal pressure. The indoor thermal pressure plays a key role in the ventilation volume. After installing the purification device, the exhaust volume of the device decreased but still met the technical requirements and all the requirements of radiation protection in the nuclear safety guidelines. Through analysis and calculation, under eight typical equivalent seismic load combinations, the equivalent stress of the steel structure members, the surface stress of the wind turbine and the global deformation of the passive ventilation device are all within the limits, meeting the seismic functional requirements. Under the action of wind load, the mechanical indicators of the protective cover plate, the column and the wind turbine also meet the requirements of the specifications.